起源于20世纪的拓扑能带理论开启了凝聚态物理的新一春。在拓扑绝缘体以及拓扑半金属材料中,存在着各种体态和表面态拓扑电子态。验证拓扑能带的存在及其主导的物理现象,离不开先进的表征技术与测量手段,也离不开这些测试技术的极低温、超高压、强磁场等极端环境。对拓扑材料的表征包括直接对材料能带进行观测的谱学方法和基于拓扑准粒子、贝里曲率等所开展的电、热输运行为研究。基于这些表征方法与测量手段,科学家揭示了许多拓扑材料中独有的物理现象,例如量子化的霍尔效应、拓扑表面态、狄拉克/外尔费米子、手征反常导致的负磁电阻、巨反常霍尔效应、自旋—轨道极化子等。文章通过介绍拓扑材料的多种先进表征测量手段,展现其在凝聚态物理研究中的独特魅力。通过展示拓扑电子物态丰富多彩的形态和行为,促进拓扑物理的快速发展。
研究团队提出了等效外尔模型,将拓扑体系的能带表示为等效的理想外尔能带,并通过费米-狄拉克分布引入温度因素,建立了内禀电热输运的温度标度关系。将该模型与不同温度下的实验数据进行拟合,在无需电子结构计算的情况下,即可获得等效外尔对的外尔点间距2c、距离费米能级的位置Δ、能带色散斜率±λ等关键参量。
We showed the thermal transport properties of magnetic Weyl material CoS2 and proposed an effective Weyl picture that provides a general understanding of the temperature laws and their signs of anomalous Hall and Nernst effects. To explain the emerging sign reversal of the anomalous Nernst effect, we proposed that the Berry curvature of multiple pairs of Weyl nodes can be analogized to a real-space magnetic structure and provided corresponding theoretical formulas using the double-Weyl picture.
本工作首次在 Ni₂MnTi 全过渡族Heusler合金中观察到了应变-自旋双玻璃态。此外,基于AFM纳米畴与其表面上无序铁磁(FM)层之间的相互作用,在2 K条件下获得了0.9 kOe的交换偏置场。利用这一机制,提出一种材料设计策略,即通过调整应变玻璃的形态,以此作为实现具有更大磁交换偏置的材料或应用于自旋电子学的磁性传感器的途径。
This study reports a new glassy state—strain-spin dual-glass composite state based on the all-d-metal Heusler alloy Ni2MnTi. Furthermore, an exchange bias field of 0.9 kOe is obtained at 2 K, which originates from the interaction of antiferromagnetic nano-domain clusters and the disordered-ferromagnetic-layer based on the structure of strain glass. Utilizing this mechanism, a material design strategy that to adjust the morphology of strain glass as a path to design larger exchange-bias materials or magnetism-based sensors with spintronics applications can be expected.
本工作提出了反常霍尔角的双变量数学公式及实验调控方案。在Co3Sn2S2体系中进行了实验设计和验证,获得了25°(46%)的零场巨反常霍尔角。在磁性外尔半金属的反常霍尔传感器件中获得了低频23nT/Hz0.5@1Hz的磁场探测能力和7028μΩcm/T的霍尔灵敏度。该研究为反常霍尔角的调控提供了一套可行的方案,开启了磁性材料巨反常霍尔角的新阶段,实现了拓扑增强高性能磁传感的原理性验证。
This study proposes a bivariate mathematical formula and an experimental modulation scheme for the anomalous Hall angle. A zero-field giant anomalous Hall angle of 25° (46%) was obtained in the Co3Sn2S2 system. Furthermore, in magnetic Weyl semimetal anomalous Hall sensing devices, a magnetic field detectability of 23 nT/Hz0.5 at 1 Hz and a Hall sensitivity of 7028 μΩcm/T were realized.
研究发现,作为表征横向热电性能的重要参数,反常能斯特热电导率(ANC),与反常霍尔角(AHA)和反常能斯特角(ANA)之和密切相关。理论以及实验都表明在一个特定体系中,AHA的符号相对稳定,而ANA的符号较容易变化。本工作我们在Fe掺杂的Co3Sn2S2中进行的热输运实验观察到ANC增加了82.4%,证实了这一调控方法的有效性。
The research reveals that the magnitude of the ANC is directly related to the sum of the anomalous Nernst and Hall angles. While the sign of the anomalous Hall angle is relatively stable in a certain material, the sign of the anomalous Nernst angle can be intrinsically tuned. Therefore, the ANC can be effectively optimized by regulating these angles to work in concert.